Reconstructing the Regulatory Balance Between Physicians’ Duties and Patient Autonomy: A Gustav Radbruchian Perspective
Abstract
The relationship between physicians' legal duties and patients' autonomy has become increasingly complex following the enactment of Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health in Indonesia. Although the legislation recognises physicians' professional obligations and patients' rights to informed consent, normative inconsistencies remain, particularly in situations where patients refuse medically necessary treatment or where emergency interventions are performed without prior consent. This study aims to analyse the regulatory relationship between physicians' duties and patients' autonomy from the perspective of Gustav Radbruch's theory of the three fundamental legal values: justice, legal certainty, and legal utility. This research employed normative legal research using policy and doctrinal approaches. The study examined statutory regulations, the medical code of ethics, books, and scholarly journal articles through a conceptual approach and a statutory approach. The legal materials were analysed qualitatively using grammatical and systematic methods of legal interpretation. The findings demonstrate that the current regulatory framework has not yet achieved an appropriate balance between physicians' professional obligations and patients' autonomy rights. Ambiguities concerning emergency medical treatment, informed consent, and physicians' legal liability continue to create legal uncertainty, weaken substantive justice, and reduce the practical utility of health law. From a Radbruchian perspective, the existing legal framework requires regulatory reconstruction to harmonise physicians' legal protection with patients' autonomy rights while simultaneously strengthening legal certainty, justice, and legal utility within Indonesia's healthcare system.
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References
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