RESISTENSI DAN ADAPTASI MASYARAKAT ACEH DALAM MENJAGA IDENTITAS DARI HEGEMONI BARAT DI ERA GLOBALISASI
Abstract
Aceh has a long history of maintaining its Islamic identity since the era of the Samudera Pasai Sultanate. In the era of globalization, Acehnese society faces challenges from Western hegemony, which brings secular values and modernization that have the potential to change local social and cultural structures. This study analyzes the response of Acehnese society to this phenomenon through two main mechanisms: resistance and adaptation. Resistance is reflected in the implementation of Islamic law, Islamic-based regulations such as the Aceh Qanun, and criticism of Western culture that is considered contrary to Islamic values. Meanwhile, adaptation is carried out by adopting global technology for the benefit of Islamic preaching, developing a sharia-based economy, and integrating a modern education system with Islamic values. By using a qualitative approach based on literature studies and the theoretical framework of Antonio Gramsci's hegemony, Henri Tajfel's social identity theory, and Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas' Islamization theory, this study finds that resistance and adaptation are not two conflicting concepts, but rather complementary strategies in shaping Aceh's Islamic identity amidst global dynamics. Islamization is the primary mechanism for integrating aspects of modernity with Islamic values, enabling Aceh to remain relevant while preserving the essence of its cultural identity.
References
Abbas, Syahrizal. Revitalisasi Islam Di Aceh: Dinamika Dan Tantangan. Banda Aceh: Yayasan PeNA, 2011.
Abdullah, A. “Global Muslim Networks and Aceh’s Role in the Islamic World.” Southeast Asian Journal of Islamic Studies 14, no. 3 (2020): 98–115.
Abdullah, F. “Islamization of Knowledge and Education in Aceh.” Southeast Asian Journal of Islamic Studies 17, no. 1 (2021): 88–102.
Amiruddin, M Hasbi. “Islam and Resistance: The Significance of Islamization in Aceh.” Journal of Indonesian Islam 9, no. 1 (2015): 20–35.
Andani, Meri. “Politik Hukum Pemberlakuan Syari’At Islam Di Aceh.” Ar-Risalah Media Keislaman Pendidikan Dan Hukum Islam 20, no. 2 (2022): 278. https://doi.org/10.69552/ar-risalah.v20i2.1554.
Andriyadi, Fauza. “Syariat Islam Dan Kontroversial (Studi Syariat Islam Di Aceh).” EduLaw : Journal of Islamic Law and Yurisprudance 10, no. 5 (2023): 58–66.
Arifin, Azmi. “Aceh and Ottoman Empire: A Political and Military Alliance in the 16th Century.” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 44, no. 1 (2013): 56–75.
Attas, Syed Muhammad Naquib al. Islam and Secularism. Kuala Lumpur: ISTAC, 1993.
———. Prolegomena to the Metaphysics of Islam. Kuala Lumpur: ISTAC, 1995.
Avicenna Al Maududdy, Usman Usman, Munawiah Abdullah, Teuku Luthfi Ashri. “Islam Dan Etnonasionalisme Teungku Hasan Muhammad Tiro Untuk Perjuangan Aceh Merdeka 1976-1998.” Jurnal Adabiya 26, no. 2 (2024).
Azra, Azyumardi. Jaringan Ulama Timur Tengah Dan Kepulauan Nusantara Abad XVII & XVIII. Jakarta: Kencana, 2004.
Bakar, Muhammad Abu. Islam Dan Identitas Sosial Di Aceh. Jakarta: Pustaka Islam, 2022.
Daud, Sulaiman. Syariat Islam Dan Dinamika Globalisasi Di Aceh. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press, 2023.
Fadlullah, Nyak. “Positivisasi Hukum Islam Dan Persinggungannya Dengan Kelompok Etnonasionalis Di Aceh.” Asy-Syir’ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari’ah Dan Hukum 54, no. 1 (2020): 1. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajish.v54i1.734.
Faisal, R. “The Role of Digital Media in Shaping Islamic Identity in Aceh.” Journal of Islamic Studies 15, no. 2 (2022): 112–30.
Fathoni, Achmad. Hegemoni Global Dan Identitas Islam. Yogyakarta: UII Press, 2022.
Gramsci, Antonio. Selection from the Prison Notebooks. New York: International Publisher, 1971.
Harun, Nasrullah. “Perdagangan Dan Islamisasi Di Samudra Pasai.” Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Sejarah Islam 14, no. 1 (2023): 33–48.
Hasan, Zulkifli. “Globalisasi Dan Tantangan Identitas Islam Di Aceh.” Jurnal Islam Dan Masyarakat Kontemporer 10, no. 1 (2023): 55–70.
Helmi, Helmi, and Nyak Fadhlullah. “Positivisation of Islamic Sharia as Local Government Regulations for Minority Citizens as Liyan in Aceh.” Journal of Governance and Social Policy 1, no. 1 (2020): 17–23. https://doi.org/10.24815/gaspol.v1i1.17326.
Hidayat, Rahmat. Islam Dan Perubahan Sosial Di Aceh. Jakarta: Lentera Islam, 2021.
Hidayatullah, Arif. “Pendidikan Islam Di Aceh Dalam Arus Modernisasi.” Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 15, no. 1 (2023): 45–60.
Ibrahim, Yusuf. Peradaban Islam Di Samudra Pasai. Banda Aceh: Penerbit Serambi Ilmu, 2023.
Ismuha. “Islamic Law in Aceh: Beetween Customary Practices and State Law.” Al-Jamiah: Journal of Islamic Studies 54, no. 2 (2016): 233–54.
Latief, S. “Studying Abroad and the Preservation of Islamic Identity Among Acehnese Students.” Global Islamic Studies Journal 6, no. 2 (2022): 44–59.
Mahmud, A. “Legal Resistance: The Implementation of Sharia Law in Aceh.” Journal of Islamic Legal Studies 11, no. 2 (2021): 77–92.
Majid, Nurcholis. Islam Dan Modernitas. Jakarta: Paramadina, 2021.
Monika Sari. “Hasan Tiro: Sejarah Aceh Sebagai Pijakan Ideologi Dalam Aceh Merdeka.” Historia: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah 7, no. 1 (2022): 26–35.
Nurhayati, N. “Islamic Banking Growth in Aceh: Between Regulation and Market Adaptation.” Journal of Islamic Economic Studies 10, no. 2 (2020): 33–48.
Rahman, A. “Selective Modernization: The Case of Aceh in the Global Economy.” Asian Journal of Islamic Studies 17, no. 1 (2021): 88–102.
Rahman, Abdul. “SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN BERBASIS SYARIAT ISLAM DI INDONESIA (STUDI KASUS PENERAPAN QANUN JINAYAT DI PEMERINTAH PROVINSI ACEH).” KAIS Kajian Ilmu Sosial 1, no. 2 (2020): 91–107.
Rahmat, H. “Autonomy and Integration: Political Dynamics in Aceh Post-Helsinki Agreement.” Journal of Indonesian Political Studies 12, no. 1 (2021): 65–80.
Rahmawati, S. “Cultural Preservation and Islamic Identity in Aceh.” Indonesian Journal of Islamic Culture 9, no. 1 (2022): 45–63.
Reid, Anthony. Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce, 1450-1680. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988.
Saifuddin, M. “Integrating Islamic Values into Modern Education in Aceh: A Case Study of Pesantren and Madrasah.” Educational Journal of Southeast Asia 8, no. 3 (2021): 67–81.
Saputra, Andi. “Peran Ulama Dalam Pembentukan Identitas Islam Aceh.” Jurnal Sejarah Islam 12, no. 2 (2023): 89–104.
Sari, Rina. “Ekonomi Syariah Sebagai Bentuk Adaptasi Masyarakat Aceh Terhadap Globalisasi.” Jurnal Ekonomi Islam 8, no. 2 (2022): 120–35.
Siregar, F. “Halal Tourism in Aceh: Challenges and Opportunities.” Indonesian Journal of Tourism and Leisure 5, no. 1 (2022): 25–40.
Syahrizal. “Islam Dan Identitas Lokal Di Aceh.” Jurnal Antropologi Islam 7, no. 1 (2023): 121–36.
Tajfel, Henri. Social Identity and Intergroup Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.
Wahyuni, R. “Economic Modernization and the Challenge of Sharia Compliance in Aceh.” Asian Economic Review 18, no. 1 (2023): 77–95.
Yusuf, R. “Islamic Economy and Global Market: The Case of Aceh.” Journal of Islamic Economic Studies 15, no. 2 (2020): 110–26.
Zulfikar, M. “Islamic Digitalization in Aceh: The Role of Social Media in Strengthening Islamic Identity.” Journal of Muslim Society Studies 7, no. 1 (2021): 55–73.
