ACADEMIC FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION: VALIDITY TESTING OF THE STRATEGIC TRANSFORMATION INSTRUMENT FOR MAMMINASATA STARTUPS

Abstract

Startups in the Mamminasata Corridor (Makassar, Maros, Sungguminasa, Takalar) face a 60% failure rate within three years, mainly due to the absence of a valid instrument to measure strategic transformation. Prior studies underscore the importance of content validity in scale development, yet no locally validated instrument exists for this region. This community service activity aimed to test the content validity of a strategic transformation instrument through a participatory Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with academics. Ten academics from STIE YPUP Makassar (economics, marketing, accounting, development studies, HRM, digital business, and statistics) assessed eight items using Lawshe’s Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI). Results showed a CVI of 0.975, well above the minimum standard of 0.80, with all items exceeding the critical CVR value of 0.62. Qualitative input from panelists led to revisions in wording, contextualization, and technical aspects, resulting in nine final items. The revised instrument was confirmed through member checking. It is concluded that the strategic transformation instrument has excellent content validity and is ready for pilot testing on startups in Mamminasata.