Technological Innovation In Islamic Jurisprudence: Adapting To Modern Challenges

Abstract

The development of information technology and digitalization in the 21st century has created new challenges and opportunities for Islamic law (fiqh). This study aims to analyze how the principles of ushul fiqh and maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah can be used as a basis for responding to technological innovations such as artificial intelligence (AI), smart contracts, blockchain, and other digital transactions. The research method used is qualitative-doctrinal, with an analysis of sharia texts (Qur'an, Sunnah, ijma', qiyās) and contemporary fatwas from scholars and sharia authorities, combined with case studies of Islamic technology practices in several countries.

This study uses a qualitative-descriptive approach with a literature analysis method (library research) that examines classical and contemporary texts, including digital fatwas (fatwas), scientific journals, and Islamic legal practices in various countries that have implemented digital technology in their financial systems, such as Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Gulf States. It was found that Islamic law has sufficient methodological flexibility to respond to innovation, provided that the innovation does not conflict with fundamental Sharia values ​​such as justice, transparency, security, and protection of individual rights.