Implications of the Philosophy of Science School on the Development of Contemporary Science

Abstract

Philosophy of science is one of the branches of philosophy that examines the foundations, principles, and methods in science, and acts as a means of critical reflection on the development of science. This article discusses the influence of four main schools in the philosophy of science, namely positivism, falsificationism, scientific paradigm, and postmodernism and constructivism on the development of contemporary science, especially in the context of education. This study uses a literature study method with a qualitative-analytical approach. The findings show that positivism encourages the birth of quantitative approaches and data-based evaluation systems, falsificationism provides a foundation for the development of inquiry-based learning and critical thinking, the scientific paradigm approach helps to understand changes in curriculum and learning models, while postmodernism and constructivism emphasize the importance of diversity of viewpoints, contextual learning, and recognition of cultural diversity. Therefore, understanding the philosophy of science is an important foundation in designing an education system that is more adaptive, reflective, and contextual to today's challenges.