Epistemology of Science: Sources and Validity of Knowledge in a Philosophical Perspective

Abstract

This article aims to discuss the epistemology of science as a source and validator of knowledge from a philosophical perspective. This study employs a literature review method. Epistemology examines the process of acquiring knowledge, the essential factors in obtaining true knowledge, the nature of truth, and the standards by which it is measured. It seeks to explore how something occurs, how we come to know it, how we differentiate it from other things, and how we understand the state and condition of things within space and time. Various schools of epistemology—such as idealism, rationalism, empiricism, and positivism—offer diverse approaches to the sources and validity of knowledge. Each school contributes uniquely to our understanding of how scientific truth is achieved, ranging from a reliance on reason and sensory experience to a combination of both.