Exploring AI in Islamic Education and Knowledge: Between Automation, Ethics, and Spirituality

Abstract

This study explores the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Islamic education by focusing on three interrelated dimensions: automation, ethics, and spirituality. The purpose of the research is to analyze how AI influences learning processes, to identify ethical implications arising from its use, and to evaluate how spiritual values can be preserved in digital learning environments. A qualitative approach was employed through library research and content analysis of academic publications, proceedings, and books published between 2020 and 2025. The analysis was carried out comparatively to identify similarities, differences, and unique contributions across various studies, followed by a synthesis to form a comprehensive conceptual framework. The results show that AI contributes positively to automation by streamlining administrative tasks, personalizing learning experiences, and expanding access to education, particularly in Islamic learning contexts. However, ethical challenges such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the risk of dehumanization highlight the need for responsible governance. Furthermore, the spiritual dimension underscores that AI can only serve as a supportive tool and not replace the moral and spiritual authority of teachers or the sacredness of Islamic texts. The study concludes that integrating AI in Islamic education requires a holistic framework that balances efficiency and innovation with ethical responsibility and spiritual integrity. Such integration must be guided by Islamic educational values to ensure that AI enriches, rather than diminishes, the goals of nurturing faith, intellect, and character.