Artificial Intelligence in Fatwa and Islamic Law: Prospects, Regulations, and Ethics

Abstract

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) opens up opportunities for transformation in the fatwa process and Islamic legal practice – from providing rapid religious answers to analytical support for ijtihad. However, the integration of AI raises regulatory, epistemological, and ethical challenges: the authority of fatwas, the quality of textual references, algorithmic transparency, and accountability. This article analyzes the prospects for using AI in the fatwa process and Islamic legal institutions, formulating regulatory challenges and an ethical framework that aligns with the maqăşid al-Shari'ah. Qualitative research methods: literature review (including empirical studies and theoretical studies), analysis of sharia norms, and synergy of findings for policy recommendations. The results indicate that AI has the potential to improve access and efficiency of fatwa services, but requires a governance framework that combines maqăşid principles, technical standards (transparency, auditability), and a mechanism for oversight of scholars. Recommendations: (1) AI as a tool (not a substitute for muftis), (2) verified reference source standards, (3) sharia-technical audit protocols, and (4) digital education for scholars.