Analysis of Truth Theories: Inductive, Deductive, and Alternatives in Science

Abstract

This article discusses the concept of truth in the philosophy of science, emphasizing that truth is not a singular entity but can be understood through various theories and approaches. Classical theories, such as correspondence, coherence, and pragmatics, explain truth from the perspective of conformity to reality, logical consistency, and practical utility. Furthermore, this article outlines the role of inductive, deductive, and alternative approaches (performative and constructive) in the development of science. The inductive approach emphasizes drawing general conclusions from specific facts, while the deductive approach starts from general principles to specific conclusions. Performative and constructivist theories, as alternative approaches, broaden the horizons of understanding truth through language that creates realities and generative learning experiences. The results of this study indicate that the integration of these three approaches enriches scientific methodology and provides a more comprehensive philosophical foundation for building and developing science.