History of Islamic Education in Strengthening Social Character

Abstract

History is the chronicle of a nation's life and the events that impact living beings. Social character is a series of behaviors and attitudes that enable a person to interact with others effectively. Character strengthening is a process or movement faced with various character modification problems. This research method employs a literature review approach. The emphasis on morality always brings conditions of prosperity that are conducive to society in a country, things that predecessors have implemented. During the Safavid dynasty, under the rule of Shah Abbas II, principles of justice were implemented, creating a solid academic environment. The people enjoyed freedom of expression, even though that opinion differed from the ruler's. Justice was a critical moral emphasis during Shah Abbas II's reign. Islam promotes unity and brotherhood among its followers, emphasizing the conspicuousness of fostering harmonious relationships, conflict resolution, and active participation in societal welfare. This focus on social cohesion enhances individuals' social character and fosters a sense of belonging within the community. The state of education during the Mughal Empire concentrated heavily on the inheritance and preservation of religious thought by the ulama in the classical era emphasizing Islamic values such as social cohesion well implemented at that time. During the Ottoman Empire,  influence from Persian culture contributed to lessons in ethics and manners within royal courts. Additionally, the government and military organizations drew knowledge from Byzantium, while economic, social, and societal principles and scientific and literal knowledge were acquired from the Arabs.